Reliability Optimization of an Automotive Car Braking System Using Genetic Algorithm
Vikramjeet Singh, Neel Kumari, Monika Rani, S. Malik
Abstract
Ensuring the reliability of automotive braking systems is crucial for vehicle safety. Here, we have considered a
car's braking system consist of two subsystems, i.e. fluid braking and mechanical braking subsystem. Both
subsystems work in parallel. The fluid braking subsystem includes a master cylinder unit and a wheel braking
unit connected in series. The master cylinder is a single component, while the wheel braking unit has a parallel-
series configuration of order (4, 2). The mechanical braking subsystem comprises a cable unit, functioning as a
single component and a brake pad unit with two brake pads arranged in parallel providing redundancy for this
critical component. The logic diagram technique is used to determine the reliability of the system. The reliability
and Mean Time to System Failure expressions are derived for both identical and non-identical components with
component failure rates following Rayleigh failure laws. The sensitivity analysis has been carried out to
examine how the variations in the parameter values of the components impact the overall performance of the
system. To optimize the reliability of the system, we applied the genetic algorithm. This study provides theory
to give useful ideas that can help make cars safer and reliable leading to satisfied customers.
References
1. A. Kumar, M. Saini, N. Gupta, D. Sinwar, D. Singh, M. Kaur, and H.N. Lee; Efficient Stochastic Model
for Operational Availability Optimization of Cooling Tower using Metaheuristic Algorithms. IEEE
Access, 10, 24659–24677 (2022).
2. A.D. Yadav, N. Nandal, S. Malik and S.C. Malik; Markov Approach for Reliability – Availability –
Maintainability Analysis of a Three Unit Repairable System. OPSEARCH, 60, 1731-1756 (2023).
3. 4. E. Balagurusamy; Reliability Engineering. Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., India (1984).
E. Denimal, J.J. Sinou, S. Nacivet, and L. Nechak; Squeal Analysis based on the Effect and Determination
of the Most Influential Contacts between the Different Components of an Automotive Brake System.
International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 151, 192-213 (2019).
5. E.N. Bohr, C.P. Ukpaka and B. Nkoi; Reliability Analysis of an Automobile Brake System to Enhance
Performance. International Journal of Production Engineering, 4(2), 47-56 (2018).
6. G. Celentano, R. Iervolino, V. Fontana, and S. Porreca; Evaluation of the Quality of a Car Braking System
by a Dynamic Simulator. Quality and Reliability Engineering International, 20, 155-166 (2004).
7. J. Huawei, W. Xu, X. Huwei, and C. Zhuqi; Reliability Evaluation of Electromechanical Braking System
of Mine Hoist based on Fault Tree Analysis and Bayesian Network. Mechanics & Industry, 24(10), 01-16
(2013).
8. L. Liu, X. Liu, X. Wang, Y. Wang and C. Li; Reliability Analysis and Evaluation of a Brake System based
on Competing Risk. Journal of Engineering Research, 5(3), 151-161 (2017).
9. L.O. Iheukwumere-Esotu, and A.Y. Kaltungo; Assessment of Barriers to Knowledge and Experience
Transfer in Major Maintenance Activities. Energies, 13(7), 1721 (2020).
10. M. Szkoda and G. Kaczor; Reliability and Availability Assessment of Diesel Locomotive using Fault Tree
Analysis. Archives of Transport, 40(4), 65-75 (2015).
11. M.M. Abd-elhafiz, H. Metered and H.E. Taweel; Optimal Lumped Parameters Estimation of Vehicle
Passive Suspension System using Genetic Algorithm. Journal of Advances in Vehicle Engineering, 5(1),
34-44 (2018).
12. S. Malik, S.C. Malik and N. Nandal; Logic Diagram Technique for Reliability Evaluation of a Non-Series
Parallel System with Arbitrary Failure Probability Distributions. International Journal of Agricultural and
Statistical Sciences, 18(Sup-1), 1345-1355 (2022).
13. S.C. Malik and N. Ahlawat; Reliability Measures of a Non-Series Parallel System of (m, nc, l) Order with
Weibull Failure Laws. Quality and Reliability Engineering International, 38(5), 2731-2747 (2022).
14. V. Singh, N. Kumari, S. Malik and M. Rani; Reliability Analysis of an Automotive Car Braking System
using Logic Diagram Technique. Life Cycle Reliability and Safety Engineering, 13(4), 513-522 (2024).
15. W. Yang, X. Zhang, Q. Lei, and X. Cheng; Research on Longitudinal Active Collision Avoidance of
Autonomous Emergency Braking Pedestrian System (AEB-P). Sensors, 19(21), 4671 (2019).
16. X.J., Yi, B.S. Dhillon, J. Shi, H.N. Mu and Z. Zhang; A New Reliability Analysis Method for Vehicle
Systems based on Goal-Oriented Methodology. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,
Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 231(8), 1066-1095 (2016).
Trion Studio
